How is graft patency evaluated postoperatively in CABG patients?

• A. Through noninvasive imaging such as CT angiography or invasive coronary angiography when indicated, complemented by clinical symptom relief and functional status
• B. Only clinical symptom relief and functional status guide patency
• C. Patency is assessed only if symptoms worsen
• D. Patency is evaluated with routine invasive angiography for all patients

Answer: (A)

After CABG, checking graft patency relies on directly confirming openness with imaging while also evaluating how the patient is doing in daily life. Noninvasive imaging like CT angiography can visualize the grafts and the vessels they connect to, and invasive coronary angiography is used when there’s a justified need—such as suspected graft failure, recurrent symptoms, or abnormal noninvasive tests—to confirm patency and guide any necessary intervention. At the same time, improvements in symptoms (less angina) and better functional capacity give essential real‑world evidence that the grafts are functioning well. Since invasive angiography carries risks, it isn’t done routinely in every patient; it’s used when indicated. So the best approach combines imaging to assess patency with attention to clinical and functional outcomes.